![]() ![]() Dry Ice changes directly from a solid to a gas -sublimation- in normal atmospheric conditions without going through a wet liquid stage. Dry Ice is widely used because it is simple to freeze and easy to handle using insulated gloves. Dry Ice is particularly useful for freezing, and keeping things frozen because of its very cold temperature: -109.3øF or -78.5øC. ![]() It is also the same gas commonly added to water to make soda water. It is the gas that we exhale during breathing and the gas that plants use in photosynthesis. The good agreement between model and experimental data of dry ice mass variation makes it possible for the shippers to use the modeling approach in estimating sublimation rates of dry ice.Dry Ice is frozen carbon dioxide, a normal part of our earth's atmosphere. Both experimental and numerical results show that the sublimation rate of dry ice can be reduced by covering the inner walls of insulation package with a reflective layer like aluminized mylar foil. The model is able to fairly predict the reduction in dry ice mass over time and the end-of-sublimation time. The model is validated against mass and temperature measurements performed on two types of insulation packages made of different material and geometry. ![]() A three dimensional quasi-steady model is developed to predict variation of dry ice mass inside the insulation packages. Therefore the current research, experimentally and numerically explores dry ice sublimation packed in commonly encountered containers made of polystyrene foam. Prior to establishing the limits, understanding dry ice sublimation is of paramount importance. But dry ice sublimation can lead to asphyxiation of crew members or passengers due to which, several regulatory bodies have recommended safe limits of dry ice aboard aircraft mainly based on rule-of-thumb. Dry ice is commonly used as cold source inside the insulated cold-storage packages which are often transported via air freights. ![]() Shippers of healthcare and food products, in most cases, have regulatory responsibility to ensure quality by maintaining product’s temperature during transportation. ![]()
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